Needle bearing



May 26, 1931. GQTZI Re. 18,080

NEEDLE BEARING Original 'Filed March 25, 1925 INVEN TOR:

BYZWM ATTORNEYS.

Reissued May 26, 1931 PATENT OFFICE,

3101mm) or BERLIN-GBOSS-LICHTERFELDE, GERMANY NEEDLE BEARING Driginal No. 1,717,204, dated June 11, 1929, Serial No. 18,179, filed March 2 5, 1925. Application for reissue filed June 21, 1930. Serial No. 462,9'18.'

This invention relates to bearings, and moreparticularly to a novel form of highspeed bearing.

Due to the great centrifugal force and the heavy pressures which occur on change of direction of the masses on the crank pins, when the connecting rod and piston. of high speed internal combustion engines are at their dead centers, the oil does not remain in the bearings, so that firing of the crank pin takes place. For this reason sliding bearings can only be used with engines the speed of rotation of which is not very high.

Bearings suitable for the connecting rods of high speed engines should possess the following characteristics :small oil requirements, the minimum friction i; e., high mechanical efficiency large bearing surface i. e. small specific bearing pressure, and an small weight. So-called basketor ca ebearings consequently cannot be used or crank pins, because the centrifugal forces arising would damage the basket or cage very rapidly. Moreover, their dimensions are too great, and due to the swinging movement of the connecting rod the masses of the rolling intermediate members, balls, rollers, rolls,

basket and cage are alternately accelerated.

and retarded. As a result rollers, rolland ball-bearings cannot be used for connecting rods of the modern high speed engines such as are mainly employed in automobiles.

The subject of the present invention is a i bearing and lubricating means which avoidsthe disadvantage mentioned above and moreover can be fitted to existing. engines without difliculty. The new bearing consists of a bearing-shell made up of multiple sections between the axle pin and the connectin rod, the separate parts of which consist o rods of small diameter of the order or size of piano wire contacting with one another so as to-form in normal running a sliding bearing or a sliding sleeve freely rotating about the 5 axle,and of which only a few, at times of overload, have a rotation of their own. The new bearing thus constitutes a slidingand a rolling-bearing. v

The 0 eningin the small end and the big and of t e connecting rod'are so formed as to provide at the' sides thereof inwardly projecting edges which limit'the'seating for the 5 rods and also form oil reservoirs in which the rodsare disposed. The use in a roller bearing of rods of small diameter in relation to their length is not of course new. For instance in' the bearings for the drawing rollers for spinning machines such a form of bearing has been suggested the rods, however, being arranged as a sleeve or cage with play between them.

A connecting rod withthe improved bearing and lubricationis shown, by way of example, on the accompanying drawings, 'in which v Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 2 is a side elevation partly in section.

Figs. 3 and 4 show each one of the needles iised in the head eye and foot eye respectivey. l 3 The divided head (1 of the connecting rod a has a bore which, except at a narrow annular flange e at either side, is of greater diameter than the: diameter of the axle pin f. A recess 1) is thus formed into which the needles 9 are inserted which are made from piano wire,

silver 'wire'or from structural-steel, tempered and polished, and which fit just between the. flanges (2. These needles g (Fig. 3) are in close contact with one another owing to their very little diameter compared with the length (-2 to 5 mm. according to'the diameter of the axle pin f orp) and under normal loads press with such friction on one another that they do not'rotate about their own axes and thus 'with the usual bearing pressure the needles form a closed unit, i. e., a sliding bearing shell rotating freely about the cran k pin f only with occasional overloads, i. e., at the commencement of the explosion period, the pressure upon some of the needles, which are just exposed to the stress, becomes so'great that .they are carried round by the connecting rod head d and execute an individual rotation or rolling action.

Oil is supplied into the recess bat splashlubrication-from the tubular socket 0, or.

at pressure lubricationthe oil is forced from the channel is in the axle pin 7 into the groove b (Fig. 1). The annular space I) is in any 1 bearing elements with capillary spaces there-- case filled with oil which remains in the same owing to the inwardly projecting flanges e. The oil cannot be thrown'out and remains in the annular space even when the engine is stopped so that the rod is always abundantly lubricated. I

The bolt of piston r is also surrounded by needles g Fig. 4) forming a land of sliding sleeveand located in a recess h of the foot eye d. By the projecting flanges 61 an oil reservoir is formed.

I claim:

1. In a bearing, the combination of relatively rotatable cylindrical bearing races and a plurality of cylindrical needles interposed therebetween, such needles forming a closed ring or sleeve, which is compelled to revolve as an entirety in the same direction as the driving bearing member, without each single cylindrical needle being constrained to turn around itself.

2. In a bearing, the combination of relatively rotatable cylindrical bearing members,

an intermediate bearing sleeve which "revolves .as an entirety and which includes a plurality ,hold lubricant in wedge-shaped form between the elements and the bearing members.

3; In a bearing, the combination of relatively rotatable cylindrical bearing elements and an intermediate bearing sleeve which revolves as an entirety and which includes a plurality of independently movable slidable between in which suction is produced by the cooperation of the bearingelements.

4. In abearing, the combination of relatively rotatable cylindrical bearingraces and a plurality of cylindrical needles interposed therebetween, the clearances between the needles and the races being such that the needles normally have a sliding action on the races and are compelled to'roll only when subjected to peak load pressure.

5. In a bearing, the combination of relatively rotatable cylindrical bearing races and a pluralityof cylindrical needles interposed therebetween, the needles being of against individual rotation when under normal operating loads, said needles bein made of material of the quality andsize o piano .wire. I

7. In abearing, the combination of a connecting rod having an enlarged bearing portion, a cylindrical bore within said bearing portion, a pin journalled within said bore, an annular recess formed in said bore intermediate its ends, and an intermediate bear-- ing sleeve within said recess which revolves as an entirety betweensaid bearing portion and pin,said sleeve comprising a plurality of cylindrical needles which are normally constrained to have a sliding, non-revolving ac- -nal members and an intermediate bearing sleeve interposed-therebetween, said sleeve comprising a plurality of contacting cylin drical needles, said needles having the character of-piano wire and varying in diameter between 2 and 5 m/mQ according to the div ameter of said journal member.

9. In a bearing, thecombination of relatively rotatable cylindrical journal and bearing members and a plurality of cylindrical needles interposed therebetween, the needles being of small diameter in relation to the journal member and of sufiiicent length to secure by-their line of contact a braking action between each other which normally prevents the needles from assuming a rolling action from the driving bearing-member.

RlCHARD GoTz.

sufiicient length to secure by their line of contact a braking action between each other which normally prevents the needles from assuming a'rolling. action from'the driving bearing member. Y

6. In a bearing, the combination of a bearing member having a cylindrical bore, a

journal member positioned within said bore,

entirety and said needles being constrained 

